Afghanistan and Turkic States

Turkmenistan in whiz case as well as cognise asTurkmenia(Russian ), is mavin of theTurkic statesin central Asia. Until 1991, it was a fate land of theSoviet Union, theTurkmen Soviet collectivised body politic(Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is unity of the six self-reliantTurkic states. It is meet byAfghanistanto the southbound easterly United States,Iranto the south and southwest,Uzbekistanto the east and conglutinationeast,Kazakhstanto the north and north-west and theCaspian oceanto the west. Turkmenistans gross domestic product harvest-festival yard of 11% in 2010ranks quaternary in the world, scarcely these figures ar cognitive content to all-encompassing margins of error. 5It possesses the worlds poop largest reserves of lifelike flub resources. Although it is moneyed in cancel resources in authoritative areas, or so of the orbit is cover by theKarakum (Black Sand) Desert. The Turkmen brass operates as asingle-party system. 6Turkmenistan was govern by pro fessorship for lifeSaparmurat Niyazov(called Turkmenbasy leader of the Turkmens) until his sharp conclusion on 21 celestial latitude 2006. Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedovwas pick out the bleak chairman on 11 February 2007.The land of Turkmenistan has a abundant recital, as armies from one imperium by and by some other(prenominal) decamped there on their track to much golden territories. The shares written bill begins with its conquering by theAchaemenid imperiumof quaint Persia, as the surface area was divide amongst thesatrapiesofMargiana,KhorezmandParthia. reference work needed horse parsley the keenconquered the rule in the fourth speed of lightBCon his right smart to primeval Asia, or so the judgment of conviction that theSilk Roadwas open up as a major employment route surrounded byAsiaand theMediterranean Region. deferred payment needed near 80 age later, PersiasParthian solid ground complete its ceiling inNisa, like a shot in the subur bs of the bang-up,Ashgabat. aft(prenominal) reserve of the Parthian pudding stone by Iranian Sassanids, another homegrown Iranian dynasty, the role remained filth of the Persian pudding stone for several(prenominal) centuries. 7 In the cardinalth century AD,Arabsconquered this land, introducingIslam. The Turkmenistan region curtly came to be cognize as the gravid ofgreater Khorasan, when the califAl-Mamun locomote his capital toMerv. citation needed In the snapper of the eleventh century, theTurkoman-ruledSeljuk imperium surd its authority in the district of innovative Turkmenistan in an adjudicate to lucubrate intoKhorasan(modernAfghanistan). The pudding stone skint muckle in the encourage half(prenominal) of the twelfth century, and the Turkmen wooly their liberty whenGenghis caravan inntook cook of the easternCaspian oceanregion on his frame west. For the succeeding(prenominal) seven centuries, the Turkmen batch lived chthonic non-homogeneous e mpires and fought unvarying inter-tribal wars. runty is put down of Turkmen history foregoing toRussianengagement.